12 reported that fresh air-dried spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) leaves stored at 37 ☌ for over four months showed less DNA degradation than fresh spinach placed directly in silica gel and stored in the silica gel at 37 ☌ for four months. However, at present, the effectiveness of silica gel in drying plant leaves is controversial. To preserve plant and mushroom specimens, drying using silica gel has become common among field biologists, especially in remote areas where electricity may be scarce 10, 11. As a result, their genetic and genomic studies rely almost exclusively on dried fruiting body specimens from natural environments. Identifying effective methods for drying wild mushrooms is important because for many mushroom species, there is currently no method for growing their pure mycelial cultures for molecular investigations. However, studies have primarily focused on plant materials and there is little information about the effectiveness of different drying methods for mushrooms. For oven-dried specimens, two factors, drying temperature and length of drying time, could impact DNA quantity and quality 2, 7, 8, 9. For research requiring genetic materials from herbarium specimens, the method by which specimens are dried can have a significant impact on the quality and quantity of DNA extracted. Specimens in herbaria are a valuable source of materials not only for morphological studies, but also for molecular ecology, population genetics, population genomics, and systematics investigations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Among these methods, oven drying at 70 ☌ for 3–4 h seemed the most efficient for preserving field mushroom samples for subsequent molecular work. However, differences among the methods for the two species were found in: (i) the time required by different drying methods for the fresh mushroom tissue to reach a stable weight and (ii) the relative quality and quantity of the extracted genomic DNA. Dried specimens from all tested methods yielded sufficient DNA for PCR amplification of the two genes in both species. For each species dried with the eight methods, we assessed the mushroom water loss rate, the quality and quantity of extracted DNA, and the effectiveness of using the extracted DNA as a template for PCR amplification of two DNA fragments (ITS and a single copy gene). Two mushroom species representing two types of fruiting bodies were examined: the fleshy button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and the leathery shelf fungus Trametes versicolor. In this study, we compared silica gel drying at ambient temperature and oven drying at seven different temperatures. However, most methods have not been directly compared for their effectiveness in preserving mushroom DNA. Several methods have been reported for drying mushroom specimens for population genetic, taxonomic, and phylogenetic studies.
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